Remote Installation of Fedora Distributions Using PXE boot

If you want to deploy many machines, then it is a pain to go from machine to machine with 4 CDs. Like RIS (Remote Installation Service) in Windows, Fedora also offers you a similar remote installation facility via PXE LAN booting. For this, you will require a DHCP server, Apache and TFTP server running on Fedora.

Firstly, install Fedora completely. Then, on that machine, make a folder named  /Fedora on root and copy all the contents of the Fedora CDs in this folder. Remember that you are mounting the CDs and copying the contents and not just copying the ISOs. While copying the files from the CDs, you will be asked for permission to overwrite few files and folders.

Once you have created a copy of the CDs on the machine, you have to create a kick start file, which has answers to the questions asked during the installation process.

To make this file, launch ‘kickstart’ from Start>Systems, this will open a GUI Kickstart configuration interface.

Here, you can set pre-installation settings such as keyboard type, language, time zone, mouse, display, root password, etc. Fill all the entries according to your setup requirements and save the file. It saves a file with name ks.cfg.

Copy this file to the location where you have copied the Fedora2006 files from the CD.

Host installer
In order to remotely install Fedora via HTTP, you have to configure apache server to host the installer. To do this, launch Start>system>HTTP. This will open an interface to configure the apache web server. Here, select the main tab and give the IP address of the same machine, where you are hosting the apache server. Next, select the ‘virtual host’ tab and select add new host and double click the new virtual host you have created. This will open its properties dialog. Here, under basic setup set the ‘document root directory’ to the location where you copied the Fedora CDs.

In our case it is /fedora. Now, from the same properties window, click on the performance tab and add the directory of your Fedora installer that you have copied above. Once you are through with this, save the settings by clicking the Ok button. After this, start apache server by issuing this command.

#service httpd start

Now, open a web browser and check that the web server is working properly. Make sure it displays the directory structure of the Fedora installer folder on the web page.

Configuring TFTP Server
TFTP stands for Trivial File Transfer Protocol, a simpler form of the File Transfer Protocol (FTP).

The next step is to configure TFTP server on your installer server in such a way that it can remotely boot another PC over a network. In order to do this, open a terminal and issue the following commands.

# cp /pcqlinux/isolinux/* /tftpboot/linux-install/
# cp /tftpboot/linux-install/isolinux.cfg /tftpboot/linux-install/pxelinux.cfg/default

The above commands will copy all the boot files from the folder where you have dumped the entire Fedora CDs to the TFTP server.

Now open /tftpboot/ linux-install/pxelinux.cfg /default file in a text editor and change the following entries as follows

label linux
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img ramdisk_size=8192 s=http://192.168.3.1/pcqlinux/ks.cfg
label text
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img text ramdisk_size=8192 ks=http://192.168.3.1/pcqlinux/ks.cfg

(Here 192.168.3.1 is the IP address of the hosting server, where you have hosted the Fedora installer, you should change it according to your settings).

After this you have to enable the TFTP server so that the TFTP server

automatically gets started on booting the Fedora server. For doing this, run ‘setup’ command from the terminal. It will open a CLI interface, here select ‘Services’ and from the list select ‘tftp’ by pressing space bar key and click the Ok button to save the settings .

Configure DHCP server

Now, you have to configure the DHCP server on your installation server, so that the diskless clients can get IP addresses from the RIS server and remotely boot and start the Fedora installer. To do this open the /etc/dhcpd.conf file and add the following lines as shown below.

ddns-update-style
none;
default-lease-time
21600;
max-lease-time
21600;
option subnet-mask
255.255.255.0;
option broadcast-address
192.168.3.255;
option domain-name-servers
192.168.3.78; #<– RIS Server IP
option domain-name
“ris.pcquest.local”;
# <–domain name
option option-128 code 128 = string;
option option-129 code 129 = text;
subnet  192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range dynamic-bootp
192.168.3.10 192.168.3.253; # <– DHCP IP Ranage
filename
“/linux-install/pxelinux.0″;  #<- Boot image File

}
Restart the DHCP server.
# Service dhcpd restart

With this your Remote Installation server is ready.

Boot the client machines from the Remote Installation Server and you will get the Installer booting screen. Thereafter, and you can start the installation process on it.

Troubleshooting – Client not booting?

If your PC is not booting off the remote boot server, then two things could be wrong. Firstly, its network card may not be PXE boot enabled. If it is PXE enabled, check the BIOS to see whether the boot from network option is enabled

 

Apache – “Client denied by server configuration” – Resolved

Having problems with displaying your site and getting error 403 in your web-browser?

does the log-file for apache errors contain lines like tis?
“client denied by server configuration: /path/to/files”

Then you probably have denied access to the directory in the httpd.conf file.

Allow access by adding:
<directory /path/to/files>
allow from all
</directory>

If your are using VirtualHosts then add the directory-block inside the <virtualhost> block.

SSH / SCP Password less Authentication

Type the below command in terminal

# ssh-keygen -t rsa

* This will generate your id_rsa and id_rsa.pub in the .ssh directory in your home directory

* copy the id_rsa.pub to the .ssh directory of the remote host you want to logon to as authorized_keys2

* If you have more than one host from which you want to connect to the remote host, you need to add the local host’s id_rsa.pub as one line in the authorized_keys2 file of the remote host command for the 1and1 servers is:

# scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub u35894953@217.160.226.69:./.ssh/authorized_keys2

How to Back Up and Restore a MySQL Database

If you’re storing anything in MySQL databases that you do not want to lose, it is very important to make regular backups of your data to protect it from loss. This tutorial will show you two easy ways to backup and restore the data in your MySQL database. You can also use this process to move your data to a new web server.

• Back up From the Command Line (using mysqldump)
• Back up your MySQL Database with Compress
• Restoring your MySQL Database
• Backing Up and Restoring using PHPMyAdmin

Back up From the Command Line (using mysqldump)

If you have shell or telnet access to your web server, you can backup your MySQL data by using the mysqldump command. This command connects to the MySQL server and creates an SQL dump file. The dump file contains the SQL statements necessary to re-create the database. Here is the proper syntax:

$ mysqldump –opt -u [uname] -p[pass] [dbname] > [backupfile.sql]

• [uname] Your database username
• [pass] The password for your database (note there is no space between -p and the password)
• [dbname] The name of your database
• [backupfile.sql] The filename for your database backup
• [--opt] The mysqldump option

For example, to backup a database named ‘Tutorials’ with the username ‘root’ and with no password to a file tut_backup.sql, you should accomplish this command:

$ mysqldump -u root -p Tutorials > tut_backup.sql

This command will backup the ‘Tutorials’ database into a file called tut_backup.sql which will contain all the SQL statements needed to re-create the database.

With mysqldump command you can specify certain tables of your database you want to backup. For example, to back up only php_tutorials and asp_tutorials tables from the ‘Tutorials’ database accomplish the command below. Each table name has to be separated by space.

$ mysqldump -u root -p Tutorials php_tutorials asp_tutorials > tut_backup.sql

Sometimes it is necessary to back up more that one database at once. In this case you can use the –database option followed by the list of databases you would like to backup. Each database name has to be separated by space.

$ mysqldump -u root -p –databases Tutorials Articles Comments > content_backup.sql

If you want to back up all the databases in the server at one time you should use the –all-databases option. It tells MySQL to dump all the databases it has in storage.

$ mysqldump -u root -p –all-databases > alldb_backup.sql

The mysqldump command has also some other useful options:

–add-drop-table: Tells MySQL to add a DROP TABLE statement before each CREATE TABLE in the dump.

–no-data: Dumps only the database structure, not the contents.

–add-locks: Adds the LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES statements you can see in the dump file.

The mysqldump command has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of using mysqldump are that it is simple to use and it takes care of table locking issues for you. The disadvantage is that the command locks tables. If the size of your tables is very big mysqldump can lock out users for a long period of time.

Back up your MySQL Database with Compress

If your mysql database is very big, you might want to compress the output of mysqldump. Just use the mysql backup command below and pipe the output to gzip, then you will get the output as gzip file.

$ mysqldump -u [uname] -p[pass] [dbname] | gzip -9 > [backupfile.sql.gz]

If you want to extract the .gz file, use the command below:

$ gunzip [backupfile.sql.gz]

Restoring your MySQL Database

Above we backup the Tutorials database into tut_backup.sql file. To re-create the Tutorials database you should follow two steps:

• Create an appropriately named database on the target machine
• Load the file using the mysql command:

$ mysql -u [uname] -p[pass] [db_to_restore] < [backupfile.sql]

Have a look how you can restore your tut_backup.sql file to the Tutorials database.

$ mysql -u root -p Tutorials < tut_backup.sql

To restore compressed backup files you can do the following:

gunzip < [backupfile.sql.gz] | mysql -u [uname] -p[pass] [dbname]

If you need to restore a database that already exists, you’ll need to use mysqlimport command. The syntax for mysqlimport is as follows:

mysqlimport -u [uname] -p[pass] [dbname] [backupfile.sql]

Backing Up and Restoring using PHPMyAdmin

It is assumed that you have phpMyAdmin installed since a lot of web service providers use it. To backup your MySQL database using PHPMyAdmin just follow a couple of steps:

• Open phpMyAdmin.
• Select your database by clicking the database name in the list on the left of the screen.
• Click the Export link. This should bring up a new screen that says View dump of database (or something similar).
• In the Export area, click the Select All link to choose all of the tables in your database.
• In the SQL options area, click the right options.
• Click on the Save as file option and the corresponding compression option and then click the ‘Go’ button. A dialog box should appear prompting you to save the file locally.

Restoring your database is easy as well as backing it up. Make the following:

• Open phpMyAdmin.
• Create an appropriately named database and select it by clicking the database name in the list on the left of the screen. If you would like to rewrite the backup over an existing database then click on the database name, select all the check boxes next to the table names and select Drop to delete all existing tables in the database.
• Click the SQL link. This should bring up a new screen where you can either type in SQL commands, or upload your SQL file.
• Use the browse button to find the database file.
• Click Go button. This will upload the backup, execute the SQL commands and re-create your database.

Courtesy : http://www.webcheatsheet.com/SQL/mysql_backup_restore.php

Linux find command explain with examples

To find all files ending with .html:

find / -name \*.html -print

The character causes the shell to ignore the following character, in this case an asterisk. To find a file that starts with project:

find / -name project\* -print

Multiple wildcards can be used in the same find command. The following command finds all files with the word maybe in it:

find / -name \*maybe\* -print

The backslash \ character is important. It tells the shell not to treat the wildcard character as a wildcard when interpreting the command line arguments.

To find all empty files on the entire system,

find / -size 0 -print

To find all empty files from the current directory down,

find . -size 0 -print

To find all empty files on the entire system,

find / -size 0 -print

To find all empty files from the current directory down,

find . -size 0 -print

To find all files with zero length and ask if they should be deleted:

find / -size 0 -ok rm {} \;

The backslash \ is important because it tells the shell to ignore the semicolon symbol which usually separates commands on a single command line.

To finding the hacked website (Gumblar/Martuz)..

To finding the website is hacked by someone or badware scripts running on the server. You can find here…

http://unmaskparasites.com/

This site should be healthy report…. If the report shows badware running..

You need to clean the site on the server & restore the old backup..

Then send review to google web tools &b google will unblock from google blacklist.

Email me for further doubts..

Thanks…